Estimating the Scale of Digital Minds

This report estimates the potential number of digital minds, defined as AI systems exhibiting observable traits such as agency, personality, and intelligence, in the coming decades. It employs two complementary approaches: first, examining specific use cases for digital minds and projecting adoption rates for each; second, analyzing trends in AI chip production and efficiency independent of digital mind applications. Together, these supply- and demand-side perspectives suggest that hundreds of millions of digital minds could exist by 2050, though this estimate carries substantial uncertainty spanning several orders of magnitude.