{"ID":6139445,"CreatedAt":"2026-07-09T01:07:32.349475501Z","UpdatedAt":"2026-07-09T23:16:22.029503457Z","DeletedAt":null,"paper_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.06597","arxiv_id":"2607.06597","title":"Reconfigurable Radiology Labels Without Relabeling","abstract":"Public chest-radiograph (CXR) datasets are typically released with small, fixed label schemas such as CheXpert-14. However, the underlying free-text reports describe far more findings -- and which findings matter depends on the task, site, and reader. We release a pipeline that converts free-text reports into multi-label matrices and then reconfigures the label schema through dictionary edits rather than new inference passes, i.e., without relabeling the corpus. After this one-time pass, reconfiguring MIMIC-CXR (223K reports) from cached annotations takes 196 seconds with no API cost, compared to \\$6.6K for an equivalent relabeling pass with Claude Opus 4.7. Using a 58-label taxonomy, we show that 43\\% of CXR studies contain at least one finding outside CheXpert-14. Image probes trained on these labels match CheXpert-14 probes on shared targets while also reaching 0.78 AUROC on expert-reviewed long-tail labels that CheXpert-14 cannot represent. These results suggest a different unit of work for radiology labeling: once reports are structured, the label schema becomes a configuration to edit, not a corpus to relabel.","short_abstract":"Public chest-radiograph (CXR) datasets are typically released with small, fixed label schemas such as CheXpert-14. However, the underlying free-text reports describe far more findings -- and which findings matter depends on the task, site, and reader. We release a pipeline that converts free-text reports into multi-lab...","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.06597","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2607.06597v1","authors":"[\"Jean-Benoit Delbrouck\",\"Dave Van Veen\",\"Akash Pattnaik\",\"Kalina Slavkova\",\"Javid Abderezaei\",\"Harris Bergman\",\"Khan Siddiqui\"]","published":"2026-07-06T23:19:20Z","proceeding":"eess.IV","tasks":"[\"eess.IV\",\"cs.CL\",\"cs.CV\"]","methods":"[]","has_code":false}