{"ID":6139070,"CreatedAt":"2026-07-09T01:07:32.349475501Z","UpdatedAt":"2026-07-09T08:41:17.711438627Z","DeletedAt":null,"paper_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.06593","arxiv_id":"2607.06593","title":"Blockchain Attacks and Defenses: A Layered and Cross-Domain Survey","abstract":"Blockchains have evolved from simple distributed ledgers into programmable platforms that process complex application logic and carry significant financial value. All modern Web3 systems share a common goal: providing secure, decentralized, and trustworthy execution in an increasingly interconnected environment. However, this evolution has shifted the attack surface from isolated infrastructure disruptions to programmable economic abuse and cross-domain exploits. In this article, we focus on the research of blockchain attacks and defenses. In particular, we categorize the threat landscape and corresponding mitigation strategies according to both a four-tier layered architecture (network, cryptographic, consensus, and application) and cross-domain trust boundaries. We seek to answer these important questions: How has the research in blockchain security evolved over the past decade, especially with the rise of decentralized finance (DeFi) and cross-chain interoperability? How do local security assumptions fail when protocols are composed, and what are the driving needs for Web3 security research in the future?","short_abstract":"Blockchains have evolved from simple distributed ledgers into programmable platforms that process complex application logic and carry significant financial value. All modern Web3 systems share a common goal: providing secure, decentralized, and trustworthy execution in an increasingly interconnected environment. Howeve...","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2607.06593","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2607.06593v1","authors":"[\"Junjie Hu\",\"Na Ruan\"]","published":"2026-07-06T08:53:22Z","proceeding":"cs.CR","tasks":"[\"cs.CR\"]","methods":"[]","has_code":false}