{"ID":3049906,"CreatedAt":"2026-06-04T02:13:16.786527022Z","UpdatedAt":"2026-06-06T15:44:26.945507316Z","DeletedAt":null,"paper_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.05126","arxiv_id":"2606.05126","title":"A-Live: Passive Liveness Detection via Neuromuscular Micro-Motion Signatures on Commodity Sensors","abstract":"Liveness detection has evolved from a safeguard against presentation and replay attacks in biometric authentication to a broader requirement for distinguishing human users from non-human agents in modern digital systems. The emergence of generative and agentic AI further amplifies this need, positioning liveness as a fundamental security primitive. Existing approaches face key limitations, including reliance on explicit user interaction, specialized hardware, vulnerability to increasingly realistic spoofing, and limited scalability in real-world deployments. We present A-Live, a passive liveness detection framework that operates solely on inertial measurement unit (IMU) signals available in commodity devices. A-Live is based on the observation that neuromuscular micro-motions inherent to human motor control produce subtle but measurable signatures in inertial data, which are often treated as noise in prior work. We design a lightweight feature extraction pipeline and a compact classifier suitable for real-time on-device deployment, and introduce a controllable physical micro-motion platform to evaluate robustness against engineered non-human motion. Extensive evaluation across Android and iOS devices, including both automated and real-user settings, shows that A-Live achieves over 99.5\\% accuracy with low false acceptance and rejection rates. Our results demonstrate that neuromuscular micro-motion signatures provide a scalable and passive foundation for liveness detection under emerging AI-driven threat models.","short_abstract":"Liveness detection has evolved from a safeguard against presentation and replay attacks in biometric authentication to a broader requirement for distinguishing human users from non-human agents in modern digital systems. The emergence of generative and agentic AI further amplifies this need, positioning liveness as a f...","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.05126","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.05126v1","authors":"[\"Mohammed Gharib\",\"Sam Burns\",\"Martin Zizi\"]","published":"2026-06-03T17:30:30Z","proceeding":"cs.CR","tasks":"[\"cs.CR\"]","methods":"[]","has_code":false}