{"ID":3004806,"CreatedAt":"2026-06-03T03:09:48.883664427Z","UpdatedAt":"2026-06-05T11:43:53.432517148Z","DeletedAt":null,"paper_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.03673","arxiv_id":"2606.03673","title":"Chasing Lightning: Detecting, Characterizing, and Identifying a Powerful Space-Based GNSS Interference Source","abstract":"This paper analyzes and identifies a space-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) interference source that has caused scores of powerful transient wide-area interference events over continental Europe, Greenland, and Canada since 2019. While terrestrial or near-terrestrial sources are primarily responsible for the recent uptick in GNSS interference worldwide, space-based interferers are of special concern given their potential for vast geographic reach and their portent of a qualitative escalation in GNSS interference. Based on data collected between 2019 and 2026 from a network of terrestrial GNSS reference stations, this paper (1) develops a received-power-based detection framework; (2) details the spatial, temporal, and spectral patterns of wide-area interference events caused by the source; (3) presents and analyzes identification techniques that blend received-power and time-difference-of-arrival measurements; and (4) applies these techniques to confidently identify the GNSS interference source as a constellation of Russian early warning satellites in Molniya (\"lightning\") orbits.","short_abstract":"This paper analyzes and identifies a space-based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) interference source that has caused scores of powerful transient wide-area interference events over continental Europe, Greenland, and Canada since 2019. While terrestrial or near-terrestrial sources are primarily responsible for...","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.03673","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2606.03673v1","authors":"[\"Zachary L. Clements\",\"Argyris Kriezis\",\"Todd E. Humphreys\"]","published":"2026-06-02T13:57:43Z","proceeding":"eess.SP","tasks":"[\"eess.SP\"]","methods":"[]","has_code":false}