{"ID":2898576,"CreatedAt":"2026-06-01T04:54:23.091178241Z","UpdatedAt":"2026-06-01T04:54:23.091178241Z","DeletedAt":null,"paper_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.02287","arxiv_id":"2507.02287","title":"Seeing Through Green: Text-Based Classification and the Firm's Returns from Green Patents","abstract":"This paper introduces Natural Language Processing for identifying ``true'' green patents from official supporting documents. We start our training on about 12.4 million patents that had been classified as green from previous literature. Thus, we train a simple neural network to enlarge a baseline dictionary through vector representations of expressions related to environmental technologies. After testing, we find that ``true'' green patents represent about 20\\% of the total of patents classified as green from previous literature. We show heterogeneity by technological classes, and then check that `true' green patents are about 1\\% less cited by following inventions. In the second part of the paper, we test the relationship between patenting and a dashboard of firm-level financial accounts in the European Union. After controlling for reverse causality, we show that holding at least one ``true'' green patent raises sales, market shares, and productivity. If we restrict the analysis to high-novelty ``true'' green patents, we find that they also yield higher profits. Our findings underscore the importance of using text analyses to gauge finer-grained patent classifications that are useful for policymaking in different domains.","short_abstract":"This paper introduces Natural Language Processing for identifying ``true'' green patents from official supporting documents. We start our training on about 12.4 million patents that had been classified as green from previous literature. Thus, we train a simple neural network to enlarge a baseline dictionary through vec...","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.02287","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.02287v2","authors":"[\"Lapo Santarlasci\",\"Armando Rungi\",\"Antonio Zinilli\"]","published":"2025-07-03T03:51:33Z","proceeding":"econ.GN","tasks":"[\"econ.GN\",\"cs.CL\"]","methods":"[]","has_code":false}