{"ID":2888832,"CreatedAt":"2026-06-01T04:54:23.091178241Z","UpdatedAt":"2026-06-01T04:54:23.091178241Z","DeletedAt":null,"paper_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.22747","arxiv_id":"2507.22747","title":"A quantum experiment with joint exogeneity violation","abstract":"In randomized experiments, the assumption of potential outcomes is usually accompanied by the \\emph{joint exogeneity} assumption. Although joint exogeneity has faced criticism as a counterfactual assumption since its proposal, no evidence has yet demonstrated its violation in randomized experiments. In this paper, we reveal such a violation in a quantum experiment, thereby falsifying this assumption, at least in regimes where classical physics cannot provide a complete description. We further discuss its implications for potential outcome modelling, from both practial and philosophical perspectives.","short_abstract":"In randomized experiments, the assumption of potential outcomes is usually accompanied by the \\emph{joint exogeneity} assumption. Although joint exogeneity has faced criticism as a counterfactual assumption since its proposal, no evidence has yet demonstrated its violation in randomized experiments. In this paper, we r...","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.22747","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2507.22747v1","authors":"[\"Yuhao Wang\",\"Xingjian Zhang\"]","published":"2025-07-30T15:03:41Z","proceeding":"quant-ph","tasks":"[\"quant-ph\",\"math.ST\",\"physics.hist-ph\"]","methods":"[]","has_code":false}