{"ID":2886751,"CreatedAt":"2026-06-01T04:54:23.091178241Z","UpdatedAt":"2026-06-01T04:54:23.091178241Z","DeletedAt":null,"paper_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.02135","arxiv_id":"2508.02135","title":"Analysis of Broad Beam Beamforming for Collocated and Distributed MIMO","abstract":"Broad beam beamforming (BF) design in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) can be convenient for initial access, synchronization, and sensing capabilities in cellular networks by avoiding overheads of sweeping methods while making efficient use of resources. Phase-only BF is key for maximizing power efficiency across antennas. A successful method to produce broad beams is the phase-only dual-polarization BF (DPBF). However, its efficiency has not been proved in non-line-of-sight (NLoS). Therefore, this paper contributes by evaluating DPBF in collocated and distributed MIMO configurations under both line-of-sight (LoS) and NLoS channel conditions. We model the reflection coefficients for different materials in NLoS conditions and propose the use of orthogonal space-time block code to improve the coverage compared to the DPBF in collocated MIMO (C-MIMO). We further propose a DPBF method for distributed MIMO and show that it achieves better coverage than C-MIMO with DPBF.","short_abstract":"Broad beam beamforming (BF) design in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) can be convenient for initial access, synchronization, and sensing capabilities in cellular networks by avoiding overheads of sweeping methods while making efficient use of resources. Phase-only BF is key for maximizing power efficiency across...","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.02135","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.02135v1","authors":"[\"Ahmet Kaplan\",\"Diana P. M. Osorio\",\"Erik G. Larsson\"]","published":"2025-08-04T07:32:24Z","proceeding":"eess.SP","tasks":"[\"eess.SP\"]","methods":"[]","has_code":false}