{"ID":2885900,"CreatedAt":"2026-06-01T04:54:23.091178241Z","UpdatedAt":"2026-06-01T04:54:23.091178241Z","DeletedAt":null,"paper_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.04627","arxiv_id":"2508.04627","title":"Energy-Efficient Hybrid Beamfocusing for Near-Field Integrated Sensing and Communication","abstract":"Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is a pivotal component of sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks, leveraging high-frequency bands and massive multiple-input multiple-output (M-MIMO) to deliver both high-capacity communication and high-precision sensing. However, these technological advancements lead to significant near-field effects, while the implementation of M-MIMO \\mbox{is associated with considerable} hardware costs and escalated power consumption. In this context, hybrid architecture designs emerge as both hardware-efficient and energy-efficient solutions. Motivated by these considerations, we investigate the design of energy-efficient hybrid beamfocusing for near-field ISAC under two distinct target scenarios, i.e., a point target and an extended target. Specifically, we first derive the closed-form Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) of joint angle-and-distance estimation for the point target and the Bayesian CRB (BCRB) of the target response matrix for the extended target. Building on these derived results, we minimize the CRB/BCRB by optimizing the transmit beamfocusing, while ensuring the energy efficiency (EE) of the system and the quality-of-service (QoS) for communication users. To address the resulting \\mbox{nonconvex problems}, we first utilize a penalty-based successive convex approximation technique with a fully-digital beamformer to obtain a suboptimal solution. Then, we propose an efficient alternating \\mbox{optimization} algorithm to design the analog-and-digital beamformer. \\mbox{Simulation} results indicate that joint distance-and-angle estimation is feasible in the near-field region. However, the adopted hybrid architectures inevitably degrade the accuracy of distance estimation, compared with their fully-digital counterparts. Furthermore, enhancements in system EE would compromise the accuracy of target estimation, unveiling a nontrivial tradeoff.","short_abstract":"Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is a pivotal component of sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks, leveraging high-frequency bands and massive multiple-input multiple-output (M-MIMO) to deliver both high-capacity communication and high-precision sensing. However, these technological advancements lead to sig...","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.04627","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.04627v1","authors":"[\"Wenhao Hu\",\"Zhenyao He\",\"Wei Xu\",\"Yongming Huang\",\"Derrick Wing Kwan Ng\",\"Naofal Al-Dhahir\"]","published":"2025-08-06T16:53:18Z","proceeding":"cs.IT","tasks":"[\"cs.IT\",\"eess.SP\"]","methods":"[]","has_code":false}