{"ID":2884986,"CreatedAt":"2026-06-01T04:54:23.091178241Z","UpdatedAt":"2026-06-01T04:54:23.091178241Z","DeletedAt":null,"paper_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.05003","arxiv_id":"2508.05003","title":"A Multi-Stage Large Language Model Framework for Extracting Suicide-Related Social Determinants of Health","abstract":"Background: Understanding social determinants of health (SDoH) factors contributing to suicide incidents is crucial for early intervention and prevention. However, data-driven approaches to this goal face challenges such as long-tailed factor distributions, analyzing pivotal stressors preceding suicide incidents, and limited model explainability. Methods: We present a multi-stage large language model framework to enhance SDoH factor extraction from unstructured text. Our approach was compared to other state-of-the-art language models (i.e., pre-trained BioBERT and GPT-3.5-turbo) and reasoning models (i.e., DeepSeek-R1). We also evaluated how the model's explanations help people annotate SDoH factors more quickly and accurately. The analysis included both automated comparisons and a pilot user study. Results: We show that our proposed framework demonstrated performance boosts in the overarching task of extracting SDoH factors and in the finer-grained tasks of retrieving relevant context. Additionally, we show that fine-tuning a smaller, task-specific model achieves comparable or better performance with reduced inference costs. The multi-stage design not only enhances extraction but also provides intermediate explanations, improving model explainability. Conclusions: Our approach improves both the accuracy and transparency of extracting suicide-related SDoH from unstructured texts. These advancements have the potential to support early identification of individuals at risk and inform more effective prevention strategies.","short_abstract":"Background: Understanding social determinants of health (SDoH) factors contributing to suicide incidents is crucial for early intervention and prevention. However, data-driven approaches to this goal face challenges such as long-tailed factor distributions, analyzing pivotal stressors preceding suicide incidents, and l...","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.05003","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2508.05003v1","authors":"[\"Song Wang\",\"Yishu Wei\",\"Haotian Ma\",\"Max Lovitt\",\"Kelly Deng\",\"Yuan Meng\",\"Zihan Xu\",\"Jingze Zhang\",\"Yunyu Xiao\",\"Ying Ding\",\"Xuhai Xu\",\"Joydeep Ghosh\",\"Yifan Peng\"]","published":"2025-08-07T03:36:38Z","proceeding":"cs.CL","tasks":"[\"cs.CL\",\"cs.AI\"]","methods":"[\"Language Model\"]","has_code":false}