{"ID":2870132,"CreatedAt":"2026-06-01T04:54:23.091178241Z","UpdatedAt":"2026-06-01T04:54:23.091178241Z","DeletedAt":null,"paper_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.12593","arxiv_id":"2509.12593","title":"Converting IEC 61131-3 LD into SFC Using Large Language Model: Dataset and Testing","abstract":"In the domain of Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) programming, converting a Ladder Diagram (LD) into a Sequential Function Chart (SFC) is an inherently challenging problem, primarily due to the lack of domain-specific knowledge and the issue of state explosion in existing algorithms. However, the rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) - especially Large Language Model (LLM) - offers a promising new approach. Despite this potential, data-driven approaches in this field have been hindered by a lack of suitable datasets. To address this gap, we constructed several datasets consisting of paired textual representations of SFC and LD programs that conform to the IEC 61131-3 standard. Based on these datasets, we explored the feasibility of automating the LD-SFC conversion using LLM. Our preliminary experiments show that a fine-tuned LLM model achieves up to 91% accuracy on certain dataset, with the lowest observed accuracy being 79%, suggesting that with proper training and representation, LLMs can effectively support LD-SFC conversion. These early results highlight the viability and future potential of this approach.","short_abstract":"In the domain of Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) programming, converting a Ladder Diagram (LD) into a Sequential Function Chart (SFC) is an inherently challenging problem, primarily due to the lack of domain-specific knowledge and the issue of state explosion in existing algorithms. However, the rapid development o...","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.12593","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.12593v1","authors":"[\"Yimin Zhang\",\"Mario de Sousa\"]","published":"2025-09-16T02:39:57Z","proceeding":"cs.PL","tasks":"[\"cs.PL\"]","methods":"[\"Large Language Model\",\"Language Model\"]","has_code":false}