{"ID":2865752,"CreatedAt":"2026-06-01T04:54:23.091178241Z","UpdatedAt":"2026-06-01T04:54:23.091178241Z","DeletedAt":null,"paper_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.20736","arxiv_id":"2509.20736","title":"The Impact of Audio Watermarking on Audio Anti-Spoofing Countermeasures","abstract":"This paper presents the first study on the impact of audio watermarking on spoofing countermeasures. While anti-spoofing systems are essential for securing speech-based applications, the influence of widely used audio watermarking, originally designed for copyright protection, remains largely unexplored. We construct watermark-augmented training and evaluation datasets, named the Watermark-Spoofing dataset, by applying diverse handcrafted and neural watermarking methods to existing anti-spoofing datasets. Experiments show that watermarking consistently degrades anti-spoofing performance, with higher watermark density correlating with higher Equal Error Rates (EERs). To mitigate this, we propose the Knowledge-Preserving Watermark Learning (KPWL) framework, enabling models to adapt to watermark-induced shifts while preserving their original-domain spoofing detection capability. These findings reveal audio watermarking as a previously overlooked domain shift and establish the first benchmark for developing watermark-resilient anti-spoofing systems. All related protocols are publicly available at https://github.com/Alphawarheads/Watermark_Spoofing.git","short_abstract":"This paper presents the first study on the impact of audio watermarking on spoofing countermeasures. While anti-spoofing systems are essential for securing speech-based applications, the influence of widely used audio watermarking, originally designed for copyright protection, remains largely unexplored. We construct w...","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.20736","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.20736v1","authors":"[\"Zhenshan Zhang\",\"Xueping Zhang\",\"Yechen Wang\",\"Liwei Jin\",\"Ming Li\"]","published":"2025-09-25T04:34:39Z","proceeding":"cs.LG","tasks":"[\"cs.LG\"]","methods":"[]","has_code":false,"code_links":[{"ID":609300,"CreatedAt":"2026-06-01T04:54:23.091178241Z","UpdatedAt":"2026-06-01T04:54:23.091178241Z","DeletedAt":null,"paper_id":2865752,"paper_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2509.20736","paper_title":"The Impact of Audio Watermarking on Audio Anti-Spoofing Countermeasures","repo_url":"https://github.com/Alphawarheads/Watermark_Spoofing.git","is_official":false,"mentioned_in_paper":false,"mentioned_in_github":true,"github_stars":0}]}