{"ID":2857985,"CreatedAt":"2026-06-01T04:54:23.091178241Z","UpdatedAt":"2026-06-01T04:54:23.091178241Z","DeletedAt":null,"paper_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07902","arxiv_id":"2510.07902","title":"Degradation-Aware Model Predictive Control for Battery Swapping Stations under Energy Arbitrage","abstract":"Battery swapping stations (BSS) offer a fast and scalable alternative to conventional electric vehicle (EV) charging, gaining growing policy support worldwide. However, existing BSS control strategies typically rely on heuristics or low-fidelity degradation models, limiting profitability and service level. This paper proposes BSS-MPC: a real-time, degradation-aware Model Predictive Control (MPC) framework for BSS operations to trade off economic incentives from energy market arbitrage and long-term battery degradation effects. BSS-MPC integrates a high-fidelity, physics informed battery aging model that accurately predicts the degradation level and the remaining capacity of battery packs. The resulting multiscale optimization-jointly considering energy arbitrage, swapping logistics, and battery health-is formulated as a mixed-integer optimal control problem and solved with tailored algorithms. Simulation results show that BSS-MPC outperforms rule-based and low-fidelity baselines, achieving lower energy cost, reduced capacity fade, and strict satisfaction of EV swapping demands.","short_abstract":"Battery swapping stations (BSS) offer a fast and scalable alternative to conventional electric vehicle (EV) charging, gaining growing policy support worldwide. However, existing BSS control strategies typically rely on heuristics or low-fidelity degradation models, limiting profitability and service level. This paper p...","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.07902","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.07902v2","authors":"[\"Ruochen Li\",\"Zhichao Chen\",\"Zhaoting Zhang\",\"Renjie Guo\",\"Zhankun Sun\",\"Jiwei Yao\",\"Jiaze Ma\"]","published":"2025-10-09T07:56:14Z","proceeding":"math.OC","tasks":"[\"math.OC\"]","methods":"[]","has_code":false}