{"ID":2856144,"CreatedAt":"2026-06-01T04:54:23.091178241Z","UpdatedAt":"2026-06-01T04:54:23.091178241Z","DeletedAt":null,"paper_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.11060","arxiv_id":"2510.11060","title":"Basis for a hands free blood flow measurement with automated vessel focus","abstract":"Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an essential tool to ensure oxygen supply during cardiac arrest, yet not quantifiable to this day. Low-quality chest compressions or wrong pressure placement go unnoticed. This paper presents a solution for the quantification of blood flow to guide first responders in their efforts. An approach for automated vessel identification with three different steps was developed, featuring a new sensor probe for ultrasonic measurements with non-symmetrically angled piezo ceramics. The probe was used with prototype ultrasound hardware for Pulsed Wave Doppler (PW Doppler) in a phantom. Initial measurements evaluated sensor vessel alignment at different sensor positions by examining Doppler results with a large sample volume during periodic flow. Afterward, an iterative mode was used for depth-dependent frequency measurements with score calculation of flow periodicity and power. The configuration with the best score was used for a prolonged monitoring mode. Initial mode and iterative mode aligned with ultrasound imaging regarding the best position and vessel depth. Simultaneous flow-sensor data and flow values of monitoring mode calculated via Doppler substitution showed a minimum correlation coefficient of 0.98, a minimum R2 of 0.96, and an average root mean square error of 3.84 ml/s. With the proposed hardware and software solutions, a basis for future developments was made, which could lead to a fully automated vessel identification and blood flow calculation during CPR. When used in emergencies, a miniaturized device could provide vital information about CPR efficiency that has yet to be included in the therapy of people during cardiac arrest.","short_abstract":"Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an essential tool to ensure oxygen supply during cardiac arrest, yet not quantifiable to this day. Low-quality chest compressions or wrong pressure placement go unnoticed. This paper presents a solution for the quantification of blood flow to guide first responders in their effort...","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.11060","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.11060v2","authors":"[\"Reinhard Fuchs\",\"Nathalie Sumrah\",\"Johannes Schwerdt\",\"Michael Unger\",\"Georg Stachel\",\"Michael Schultz\",\"Karsten Lenk\",\"Thomas Neumuth\"]","published":"2025-10-13T06:50:12Z","proceeding":"physics.med-ph","tasks":"[\"physics.med-ph\",\"eess.SP\"]","methods":"[]","has_code":false}