{"ID":2850119,"CreatedAt":"2026-06-01T04:54:23.091178241Z","UpdatedAt":"2026-06-01T04:54:23.091178241Z","DeletedAt":null,"paper_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.22798","arxiv_id":"2510.22798","title":"VEHME: A Vision-Language Model For Evaluating Handwritten Mathematics Expressions","abstract":"Automatically assessing handwritten mathematical solutions is an important problem in educational technology with practical applications, but it remains a significant challenge due to the diverse formats, unstructured layouts, and symbolic complexity of student work. To address this challenge, we introduce VEHME-a Vision-Language Model for Evaluating Handwritten Mathematics Expressions-designed to assess open-form handwritten math responses with high accuracy and interpretable reasoning traces. VEHME integrates a two-phase training pipeline: (i) supervised fine-tuning using structured reasoning data, and (ii) reinforcement learning that aligns model outputs with multi-dimensional grading objectives, including correctness, reasoning depth, and error localization. To enhance spatial understanding, we propose an Expression-Aware Visual Prompting Module, trained on our synthesized multi-line math expressions dataset to robustly guide attention in visually heterogeneous inputs. Evaluated on AIHub and FERMAT datasets, VEHME achieves state-of-the-art performance among open-source models and approaches the accuracy of proprietary systems, demonstrating its potential as a scalable and accessible tool for automated math assessment. Our training and experiment code is publicly available at our GitHub repository.","short_abstract":"Automatically assessing handwritten mathematical solutions is an important problem in educational technology with practical applications, but it remains a significant challenge due to the diverse formats, unstructured layouts, and symbolic complexity of student work. To address this challenge, we introduce VEHME-a Visi...","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.22798","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2510.22798v1","authors":"[\"Thu Phuong Nguyen\",\"Duc M. Nguyen\",\"Hyotaek Jeon\",\"Hyunwook Lee\",\"Hyunmin Song\",\"Sungahn Ko\",\"Taehwan Kim\"]","published":"2025-10-26T19:03:27Z","proceeding":"cs.CL","tasks":"[\"cs.CL\",\"cs.LG\"]","methods":"[\"Reinforcement Learning\",\"Language Model\"]","has_code":false}