{"ID":2839099,"CreatedAt":"2026-06-01T04:54:23.091178241Z","UpdatedAt":"2026-06-01T04:54:23.091178241Z","DeletedAt":null,"paper_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.16390","arxiv_id":"2511.16390","title":"Robot Metacognition: Decision Making with Confidence for Tool Invention","abstract":"Robots today often miss a key ingredient of truly intelligent behavior: the ability to reflect on their own cognitive processes and decisions. In humans, this self-monitoring or metacognition is crucial for learning, decision making and problem solving. For instance, they can evaluate how confident they are in performing a task, thus regulating their own behavior and allocating proper resources. Taking inspiration from neuroscience, we propose a robot metacognition architecture centered on confidence (a second-order judgment on decisions) and we demonstrate it on the use case of autonomous tool invention. We propose the use of confidence as a metacognitive measure within the robot decision making scheme. Confidence-informed robots can evaluate the reliability of their decisions, improving their robustness during real-world physical deployment. This form of robotic metacognition emphasizes embodied action monitoring as a means to achieve better informed decisions. We also highlight potential applications and research directions for robot metacognition.","short_abstract":"Robots today often miss a key ingredient of truly intelligent behavior: the ability to reflect on their own cognitive processes and decisions. In humans, this self-monitoring or metacognition is crucial for learning, decision making and problem solving. For instance, they can evaluate how confident they are in performi...","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.16390","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2511.16390v1","authors":"[\"Ajith Anil Meera\",\"Poppy Collis\",\"Polina Arbuzova\",\"Abián Torres\",\"Paul F Kinghorn\",\"Ricardo Sanz\",\"Pablo Lanillos\"]","published":"2025-11-20T14:10:07Z","proceeding":"cs.RO","tasks":"[\"cs.RO\",\"cs.AI\"]","methods":"[]","has_code":false}