{"ID":2830271,"CreatedAt":"2026-06-01T04:54:23.091178241Z","UpdatedAt":"2026-06-01T04:54:23.091178241Z","DeletedAt":null,"paper_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.10638","arxiv_id":"2512.10638","title":"A Spiking Neural Network Implementation of Gaussian Belief Propagation","abstract":"Bayesian inference offers a principled account of information processing in natural agents. However, it remains an open question how neural mechanisms perform their abstract operations. We investigate a hypothesis where a distributed form of Bayesian inference, namely message passing on factor graphs, is performed by a simulated network of leaky-integrate-and-fire neurons. Specifically, we perform Gaussian belief propagation by encoding messages that come into factor nodes as spike-based signals, propagating these signals through a spiking neural network (SNN) and decoding the spike-based signal back to an outgoing message. Three core linear operations, equality (branching), addition, and multiplication, are realized in networks of leaky integrate-and-fire models. Validation against the standard sum-product algorithm shows accurate message updates, while applications to Kalman filtering and Bayesian linear regression demonstrate the framework's potential for both static and dynamic inference tasks. Our results provide a step toward biologically grounded, neuromorphic implementations of probabilistic reasoning.","short_abstract":"Bayesian inference offers a principled account of information processing in natural agents. However, it remains an open question how neural mechanisms perform their abstract operations. We investigate a hypothesis where a distributed form of Bayesian inference, namely message passing on factor graphs, is performed by a...","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.10638","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2512.10638v1","authors":"[\"Sepideh Adamiat\",\"Wouter M. Kouw\",\"Bert de Vries\"]","published":"2025-12-11T13:43:42Z","proceeding":"cs.NE","tasks":"[\"cs.NE\"]","methods":"[]","has_code":false}