{"ID":23551632,"CreatedAt":"2026-09-18T04:14:56.806955139Z","UpdatedAt":"2026-09-18T04:14:56.806955139Z","DeletedAt":null,"paper_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.20787","arxiv_id":"2609.20787","title":"A systematic search for long GRBs without supernovae: global properties and rate of events","abstract":"Some long duration gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) are not associated with bright supernovae (SNe), indicating that their explosion mechanism differs from the traditional collapsar channel. SN-less LGRBs are rare, thus it remains unclear whether they are sporadic outliers or a substantial component of the GRB population. In this work, we use two decades of Swift observations to conduct a systematic search for nearby ($z\\lesssim$0.35) LGRBs without a confirmed SN association. Our analysis reveals a heterogeneous population linked, in part, to star-forming or dusty environments and, in part, to quiescent galaxies. Through the analysis of their high-energy properties, afterglows, and environments, we identify a sample of LGRBs with robust SN limits and distance scales, more than doubling the number of candidate SN-less events. From our fiducial sample, we derive a volumetric rate, not corrected for beaming, of $R = (0.5 \\pm 0.2) {\\rm~Gpc^{-3}\\ yr^{-1}}$, comparable to the apparent rate of short duration GRBs (SGRBs) and standard LGRBs with SNe with luminosities $L \\gtrsim\\,10^{50}\\,{\\rm erg\\,s^{-1}}$. For plausible beaming factors, the inferred rate of SN-less LGRBs is consistent with several compact binary merger channels, although the allowed parameter space is already narrow if the entire population is attributed to a single progenitor channel. Owing to the small number of candidate events and the uncertainties in their distance scale, our sample leaves the low-luminosity tail unconstrained. A larger sample will be needed to determine whether they are the faint tail of known progenitor channels or evidence of a distinct route to relativistic explosions.","short_abstract":"Some long duration gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) are not associated with bright supernovae (SNe), indicating that their explosion mechanism differs from the traditional collapsar channel. SN-less LGRBs are rare, thus it remains unclear whether they are sporadic outliers or a substantial component of the GRB population. In t...","url_abs":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.20787","url_pdf":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2609.20787v1","authors":"[\"Yu-Han Yang\",\"Eleonora Troja\",\"Nicolas Monsalves\",\"Massine El Kabir\",\"Narjes Shahamat Dehsorkh\",\"Hira Waseem\"]","published":"2026-09-17T17:52:57Z","proceeding":"astro-ph.HE","tasks":"[\"astro-ph.HE\"]","methods":"[\"Variational Autoencoder\"]","has_code":false}